what is data breach in cyber security
A data breach is a cybersecurity incident where an unauthorized party accesses, steals, or exposes sensitive, confidential, or protected information. This can happen intentionally through cyberattacks like malware or hacking, or unintentionally through insider leaks, lost devices, or human error. Breaches can result in significant financial loss, damage to reputation, and legal repercussions for organizations.
Key aspects of a data breach
Unauthorized access: The core of a data breach is that someone who is not permitted to access the data does so.
Information involved: Stolen data can include personally identifiable information (PII) like social security and credit card numbers, as well as financial records, intellectual property, medical records, and trade secrets.
Causes: Data breaches can be caused by external attackers, malicious insiders, or unintentional actions by authorized users. Common causes include:
Hacking and malware
Insider threats
Loss or theft of physical devices
Unintended disclosure or human error
Consequences: The impact of a data breach can be severe and long-lasting, including:
Financial losses from fines, legal costs, and remediation
Damage to an organization's reputation
Disruption of business operations
Loss of intellectual property
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